ANTI HYPERTENSIVES

›Classify the anti hypertensives drugs?

›Enumerate the therapeutic uses and adverse effects of calcium channel blockers?

›Discuss therapeutic uses and adverse effects of methyldopa and clonidine?

›Describe the mechanism of action of ACE inhibitors, its therapeutic uses and adverse effects. How it will help to decrease BP.

›Discuss the mechanism of action of ARBs; briefly enumerate the therapeutic uses and adverse effects of valsartan?

›A sustained systolic BP of greater then 140 mm hg.

›OR

›A sustained diastolic BP of greater then 90 mm hg.

 => DIURETICS

=> BETA-BLOCKERS

=> ACE INHIBITORS

=> ANGIOTENSIN-II RECEPTOR BLOCKERS

=> RENIN INHIBITORS

=> CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS

=> ALPHA-BLOCKERS

=> OTHERS

Amiloride

Bumetanide

Chlorthalidone

Eplerenone

Ethacrynic acid

Furosemide

Hydrochlorothiazide

Indapamine

Metolazone

Spironolactone

Triamterene

torsemide

›Acebutolol

›Atenolol

›Betaxolol

›Bisoprolol

›Carvidilol

›Esmolol

›Labetalol

›Metoprolol

›Nadolol

›Nebivolol

›Penbutolol

›Pindolol

›Propranolol

›Timolol

›Benazepril

›Captopril

›Enalapril

›Fosinopril

›Lisinopril

›Moexipril

›Quinapril

›Perindopril

›Ramipril

›trandolapril

›Azilsartan medixomil

›Candesartan

›Eprosartan

›Irbesartan

›Losartan

›Olmesartan

›Telmisartan

›Valsartan

›Aliskiren

›

›ALPHA BLOCKERS

Doxazosin

Prazosin

terazosin

›Amlodipine

›Clevidipine

›Diltiazem

›Felodipine

›Nicardipine

›Nisoldipine

›Verapamil

›Clonidine

›Fenoldopam

›Hydralazine

›Methylazine

›Methyldopa

›Minoxidil

›Nitroprusside

›

›In the management of hypertension, CCBs may be used as an initial therapy.

›Useful in the treatment of hypertensive patients who also have asthma, diabetes or peripheral vascular disease.

›All CCBs are useful in the treatment of angina

›In addition, diltiazem and verapamil are used in the treatment of atrial fibrillation.

 ›Flushing

›Dizziness

›Headache

›Hypotension

›Peripheral edema

›Used as anti hypertensive drug because doesnot decrease the renal flow and GFR.

›Decrease central adrenergic outflow.

Decrease norepinephrine release

›Dry mouth (Xerostomia)  and sedation are frequent effect.

›Fluid retention.

›Depression.

›Reduce peripheral resistance and BP that’s why used as antihypertensive drug.

›Moderate to severe hypertension.

›Used for hypertensive patients with renal insufficiency.

›Decrease adrenergic outflow from CNS.

›Sedation.

›Hemolytic anemia.

›Edema caused by salt and water retention.

›Postural hypotention.

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