ANTIHYPERTENSIVES

›Classify the anti hypertensives drugs?

›Enumerate the therapeutic uses and adverse effects of calcium channel blockers?

›Discuss therapeutic uses and adverse effects of methyldopa and clonidine?

›A sustained systolic BP of greater then 140 mm hg.

›OR

›A sustained diastolic BP of greater then 90 mm hg.

 ANTIHYPERTENSIVES DRUGS CLASSIFICATION

=> DIURETICS

=> BETA-BLOCKERS

=> ACE INHIBITORS

=> ANGIOTENSIN-II RECEPTOR BLOCKERS

=> RENIN INHIBITORS

=> CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS

=> ALPHA-BLOCKERS

=> OTHERS

THERAPEUTIC USES OF
                      CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS

›In the management of hypertension, CCBs may be used as an initial therapy.

›Useful in the treatment of hypertensive patients who also have asthma, diabetes or peripheral vascular disease.

›All CCBs are useful in the treatment of angina

›In addition, diltiazem and verapamil are used in the treatment of atrial fibrillation.

 ADVERSE EFFECTS OF

                 CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS

›Flushing

›Dizziness

›Headache

›Hypotension

›Peripheral edema

THERAPEUTIC USES OF
                              CLONIDINE

›Used as anti hypertensive drug because doesnot decrease the renal flow and GFR.

›Decrease central adrenergic outflow.

›Decrease norepinephrine release.

ADVERSE EFFECTS OF
                             CLONIDINE

›Dry mouth (Xerostomia)  and sedation are frequent effect.

›Fluid retention.

Depression.

THERAPEUTIC USES OF
                                 METHYLDOPA

›Reduce peripheral resistance and BP that’s why used as antihypertensive drug.

›Moderate to severe hypertension.

›Used for hypertensive patients with renal insufficiency.

Decrease adrenergic outflow from CNS.

ADVERSE EFFECTS OF
                               METHYLDOPA

›Sedation.

›Hemolytic anemia.

›Edema caused by salt and water retention.

›Postural hypotention.

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